The Future of Early Childhood Education Essay Example for Free

The Future of Early Childhood Education Essay If you ask someone to list for you the most important jobs of our society, teachers always make the list sometimes beating out careers like doctor or lawyer. Ironically, for a career we value so much, teaching has never been a well paying profession. But times are about to change. Due to an increasing demand and a fixed supply, salaries for early education teachers are expected to increase within the next decade. The United States Board of Labor ranks this career as one of the highest paying of the next ten years, with an expected median tenure salary of over ninety thousand by the year 2012. Even taking into account inflation, working conditions, and different peoples preferred lifestyle, it is reasonable to say that a career in early childhood education can provide a very comfortable living. The law of supply and demand helps us understand how price is set in our society. It states that if the supply of a good increases, or if the demand of a good decreases, then the price of the good drops. The opposite is also true, if the supply decreases and the demand increases, than a good becomes more expensive. The theory of supply and demand is very powerful, and can be applied to many different things. In this paper, it will be used to explain why teachers salaries are expected to increase a great deal. The number of teachers will be the supply, the need for teachers will be the demand, and salaries will be the price that will be affected. In 2002 there were over two million positions for early education teachers in the United States. Of the teachers in those jobs, about 1. 5 million were elementary school teachers, 424,000 were preschool teachers, and 168,000 were kindergarten teachers(Outlook). The majority of these teachers worked for the local government educational services, with about ten percent working for private schools. While the majority of preschool teachers are employed by child daycare services. Geographically, teaching positions vary with the population. Highly populated areas have more employment opportunities. Every year, a greater number of students enroll into the United States school system. More students increase the need for more schools and qualified teachers. In addition to the population growth, a number of initiatives have been implemented in a few states, but not nationwide, to improve the quality of education. The initiatives include the reduction of class size in the early elementary grades, mandatory preschool for four year olds, and all-day kindergarten. More teachers will be needed than are currently available if states and their local districts plan to enact any of these measures, preschool and early elementary school teachers are particularly in demand. Job openings for early childhood teachers within the next ten years are expected to be excellent. This is due in part to a government plan to great new teaching jobs. In the 1999 federal budget, Congress allocated funding to hire approximately 30,000 new teachers nationwide(section1). However the number of openings depends on locality, grade level, and subjects taught. These funds are targeted for needy school districts as part of a seven-year plan to hire 100,000 new teachers(section 1). These new openings will appear in poorer communities were salaries are currently lower, however because of the limited supply of teachers they will have to compete with wealthy distracts in order to attract teachers. Schools will be forced to raise salaries, bonuses, and benefits to attract teachers to these new jobs. These new jobs created by the government are not the only openings for teachers expected in the next ten years. Most job openings will be due to the expected retirement of a large number of teachers. Approximately half of the early childhood teachers in the workforce today are expected to retire within the next ten years. Studies estimate a demand of well over two million new teachers to fill these positions. Adding to the demand is the high turnover rate among new teachers and teachers working in poorer urban schools. Replacing all these teachers would be like trying to replace ever doctor in the United States today, but why will we need all these teachers? The children of the baby boomer generation are getting older, doesnt that mean that we are expecting a lower enrollment for earlier grades? No, in fact the opposite is true. Student enrollments will still be a key factor in the demand for teachers, in the next ten years. While the number or students expected to enter the school system is expected to rise at a slower rate than in the past, the expected number is still growing; resulting in average employment growth for all early childhood teachers. While the demand for teachers is increasing, the supply of teachers has been decreasing steadily since the 1970s. Historically, teachers have been paid significantly less than other professionals with their same level of education. Because of this, people have been more attracted to pursuing careers in business, medicine, or law, which have typically paid more. This resulted in few new entries into the teaching professionals, and an aging of the professionals currently working. As the demand for teachers increases in the next decade, more than half of those currently teaching will retire by 2012. While there is a great need for new teachers, there are barriers of entry into the profession that reduces the amount of people that are qualified to enter the field. All 50 States and the District of Columbia require public school teachers to be licensed. Licensure is not required for teachers in private schools. Usually licensure is granted by the State Board of Education or a licensure advisory committee. Teachers may be licensed to teach the early childhood grades (usually preschool through grade 3); the elementary grades (grades 1 through 6 or 8); the middle grades (grades 5 through 8); a secondary-education subject area (usually grades 7 through 12); or a special subject, such as reading or music (usually grades kindergarten through 12) (Outlook) The requirements for the regular license to teach kindergarten threw twelfth grade are different depending on the state. But no matter which state you apply, all prospective teachers are required to have a bachelors degree, a specified number of subject and education credits in an approved teacher-training program, and have to have supervised practice in teaching in a classroom environment. Different states have additional requirements, like having to complete a masters degree, having to have graduated with a certain grade point average, or special technological training. Most states require applicants to be tested for basic skills, like reading, writing, and in teaching. Almost all states require the teacher to exhibit proficiency in his or her subject. The number of teachers employed is not only dependent on how much the state and local government has set aside in its legislation to increase the quantity and quality in its districts. At the Federal level, the No Child Left Behind Act has recently been enacted. Although the full impact of this act is not yet known, its emphasis on ensuring that all schools hire and retain only qualified teachers, should lead to an increase in funding for schools that currently lack such teachers. The purpose of this legislation has been to increase the quality of the teachers in the workforce. To achieve this goal school systems are working to create a performance-based system for licensure. This would mean that not only would teachers have to have experience, but would have to show reasonable results for a defined period of time before they would be granted a provisional license. Due to No Child Left Behind Act, the test scores that their students attain will undoubtedly measure a teachers performance. All this would be in addition to passing a standardized exam in ones subject. Once a teacher is licensed, most states require continued education in order to have that license renewed. Licensing requirements for preschool teachers are also different in each state. Requirements for public preschool teachers are usually higher than those for private preschool teachers. Some states require a bachelors degree in early childhood education, others require an associates degree, and still others require certification by a nationally recognized authority. The Child Development Associate credential, the most common type of certification, requires a mix of classroom training and experience working with children, along with an independent assessment of an individuals competence. In 2002, the average annual salaries of kindergarten, elementary, and middle school teachers were reported to be forty to forty five thousand dollars a year or greater, with the lowest salaries recorded as twenty five thousand a year and the highest being seventy thousand a year. These salaries differ according to the location of the teacher. For example, teachers in wealthier suburban communities tend to earn more than teachers in urban schools. Also, while public schoolteachers tend to earn an average of forty five thousand dollars a year, private school teachers earn an average of fifteen thousand less. By the year 2012, the Board of Labor estimates the median salary of early childhood teachers to be approximately ninety thousand dollars, with the high salaries reaching as high as one hundred and ten thousand dollars a year. In addition to their salaried, teachers can increase their earnings in several ways. Most public schools, and some private, pay teachers bonuses for coaching sports or working with extra curricular activities. Some public schools pay teachers up to twenty dollars an hour for the overtime work, which can increase their annual income by an average of fifteen thousand dollars a year. Teachers can also raise their salary by getting a greater degree, like a national certification, masters, or PhD. Several teacher also choose to work threw their summer breaks for additional income, by teaching summer school or pervading other labor for the school district. While there is no estimates on how much teachers supplemental income is expected to increase by 2012, is it safe to assume that any benefits and bonuses will increase as well, in order to make teaching more attractive to qualified professionals. Standards of living are very subjective; it is possible that no two people would be able to decide what the standard is for a comfortable lifestyle. Our lifestyle depends on a great many things, our different taste, values, background and culture. However a survey of early education teachers in the New Jersey area shows that most teachers currently enjoy a lower middle class lifestyle. A majority of teachers feel that teaching affords them a comfortable lifestyle. Many live in suburban neighborhoods, own their own homes, own cars, are able to safe for the future, and have a little extra income for luxuries like fine dinning and vacations. Currently, teachers that enjoy this lifestyle are married and live in a multiple income household. However, most teachers that are entry level and rely on a single income find themselves living from paycheck to paycheck. While they feel they have enough to support themselves, they are not afforded the luxuries that their tenured, double income colleagues enjoy. However the future looks bright for early childhood teachers. The average salary for teachers is expected to more than double in the next ten years, from the current average of forty thousand to an expected average of ninety thousand by 2012. Salaries for some are expected to be as high as one hundred and ten thousand, depending on the region and subject taught. Salaries this high would allow teachers depending on only one income to enjoy the same luxuries that their married colleagues enjoy today, and teacher that life in multiple income households are expected to enjoy an upper middle class lifestyle. However, some people might notice that prices are higher today than they where ten years ago, and it seems that every year the average cost of living keeps increasing. This phenomenon is called inflation. Just because teachers will make more money in the future does not mean that that theyre standards of living will increase, because the cost of living will also be higher in the next ten years. To determine if there will be an increase in the standards of living for early high school teachers, we have to compare the increase in their salaries to the expected rate of inflation. Within the next ten years teachers salaries are expected to increase by over fifty percent, while leading economist in the United States Federal Reserve Bank expect inflation in the same period of time to be only eighteen percent. This means salaries are expected to increase more than the cost of living is expected to increase, which means teachers will have more purchasing power. Using these estimates, a salary of ninety thousand in 2012 has the same purchasing power as a seventy five thousand dollar a year salary does today. Even taking inflation into account the standards of living for teachers will increase within the next ten years, but there are more factors than just income than affect peoples lifestyles. Most people on the United States value their family and health as much, if not more, than how much money they make. In a survey of early childhood teachers in New Jersey, most teachers valued the ability to finish work at a reasonable hour and spend more time with their family when asked what they valued most about their careers. Having a two month vacation also allows for more leisure time and, and time to be spent with family. Many teachers also have excellent benefits, provided by either the government or teachers unions. In 2002, more than half of all elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers belonged to unions? mainly the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Association? that bargain with school systems over wages, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment (Outlook). Unions also bargain for increased benefits, including medical, dental and vision benefits for teachers and their dependents. How much a person makes and the things they can afford are not the only factors that affect your life style. For some people money may not be important, they may not value compensation as highly as they value personal fulfillment from what they do for a living. Some people need the satisfaction that they are making a difference in the world, and have the desire to do something meaningful with their lives. For people with these values, seeing students develop new skills and gain an appreciation of knowledge and learning can be very rewarding. In this sense, a career in early childhood education also provides. Our society values the importance of teachers as much, if not more than the importance of doctors. Preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school teachers play a vital role in the development of children. What children learn and experience during their early years can shape their views of themselves and the world and can affect their later success or failure in school, work, and their personal lives. Preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school teachers introduce children to mathematics, language, science, and social studies. They use games, music, artwork, films, books, computers, and other tools to teach basic skills. Preschool children learn mainly through play and interactive activities. Preschool teachers capitalize on childrens play to further language and vocabulary development (using storytelling, rhyming games, and acting games), improve social skills (having the children work together to build a neighborhood in a sandbox), and introduce scientific and mathematical concepts (showing the children how to balance and count blocks when building a bridge or how to mix colors when painting). Thus, a less structured approach, including small-group lessons, one-on-one instruction, and learning through creative activities such as art, dance, and music, is adopted to teach preschool children. Play and hands-on teaching also are used in kindergarten classrooms, but there academics begin to take priority. Primarily kindergarten teachers teach letter recognition, phonics, numbers, and awareness of nature and science, introduced at the preschool level. Teachers design classroom presentations to meet students needs and abilities. They also work with students individually. Teachers plan, evaluate, and assign lessons; prepare, administer, and grade tests; listen to oral presentations; and maintain classroom discipline. They observe and evaluate a students performance and potential and increasingly are asked to use new assessment methods. Including school duties performed outside the classroom, many teachers work more than forty hours a week. Part-time schedules are more common among preschool and kindergarten teachers. Although some school districts have gone to all-day kindergartens, most kindergarten teachers still teach two kindergarten classes a day. Most teachers work the traditional ten-month school year with a two-month vacation during the summer One of todays biggest political issues has been that of Social Security, and the fear that there will not be enough money to cover all the people that are currently in the workforce. It is scary, but people that are thirties years old now might not be able to retire under social security, even though they have been paying into it for the past ten years. However, this is a problem that most new teachers will not have to live in fear of. In his 2005 State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush made a promise that all municipal workers will be guaranteed a pension when they retire. Weeks later a Federal Commission started planned a new defined contribution pension plan. The new plan resembles what is commonly called a defined benefit plan, which was a popular pension plan for large corporations up until the 1990s when 401k retirement plans became popular. The appeal of the defined benefit plan is that it guarantees you a fixed monthly income for the years you are expected to live after retirement. The amount of that monthly income is based on the salary you have when youre working, and is designed to maintain your same standards of living that you enjoyed while working. Unlike the 401k, the employer funds a defined benefit plan. Most States have tenure laws that prevent teachers from being fired without just cause and due process. Teachers may obtain tenure after they have satisfactorily completed a probationary period of teaching, normally three years. Tenure does not absolutely guarantee a job, but it does provide some security. In conclusion, increasing enrollment in the school system is increasing demand for new teachers. New legislation to increase the quality of education, barriers of entry, as well as a large number of teachers reaching the age of retirement is reducing the supply of qualified teachers. As a result, according to the theory of supply and demand, the price that society must pay for qualified teachers must increase. Salaries for teachers must increase in order to attract enough teachers to fill the demand that society has for them. The greater the gap between supply and demand, the greater the price must increase in order to fill the gap. As salaries increase, so will the standards of living for teachers. A teachers salary will not only provide a person with the means to make a living, but they will also have expendable income for savings and luxuries that will lead to a more comfortable life style. Most teachers will also have benefits that will provide for their well being and health, as well as the health of their families. They will have more time off than other professionals, which will provide them the luxury of pursuing other interests outside of their career. This includes taking vacation, exploring other career opportunities, or just spending time with their families. State employed teachers will not have to worry about retirement, because they are guaranteed a pension salary once they retire. Teachers will not have to stress or fear for the future like some other members of the workforce who were relying on social security. Early childhood teachers also have the satisfaction of having a career in one of the most respected professions in our society. They will have to fulfillment of knowing that what they do makes a difference. Works Cited Case, Karl E. Principles of Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. Prentice Hall Van Dalen, Deobold B. Looking Ahead To Teaching Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Boston. Kahn, Alfred J. Child Care: Facing the Hard Choices Auburn House Publishing Company. Massachusetts. Occupational Outlook Handbook U. S. Department of Labor http://stats. bls. gov/search/ooh. asp? qu=teachersct=OOH (2005) Critical Issues Facing the Teaching Profession The South Carolina Center for Teacher Recrutement (2004) http://www. cerra. org/sectionone. pdf Cameron, Bruce New municiple fund may well be the shape of things to come August 14, 2004 Personal Finance Magazine.

The Fool And Cordelia: Opposing Influences On King Lear :: essays research papers

Although the Fool and Cordelia are similarly candid towards their King, they never interact in Shakespeare’s King Lear, because the Fool is a chaotic influence while Cordelia is a stabilizing force. While the Fool and Cordelia both act in the Lear’s best interest, it is not always evident to Lear. The Fool’s actions often anger the King, and lead to an increase in his madness. On the other hand, Cordelia’s actions more often soothe Lear, and coax him back into sanity. Another commonality between the Fool and Cordelia is their honesty. Both the Fool and Cordelia are frank with Lear, though he may not always appreciate that they do so for his own good.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Shakespeare’s King Lear, the Fool is a source of chaos and disruption in King Lear’s tumultuous life. The Fool causes the King distress by insulting him, making light of his problems, and telling him the truth. On the road to Regan’s, the Fool says â€Å"If thou wert my Fool, nuncle, I’d have thee / beaten for being old before thy time.† (1.5.40-41). He denies the king the respect due to him as an aged King, causing the King to wonder at his worthiness. The fool also makes light of Lear’s qualms making snide remarks in response to Lear’s ruminations. When Lear asks Edgar cryptically, â€Å"wouldst thou give ‘em all?† the Fool responds, â€Å"Nay, he reserved a blanket, else we had been all shamed† (3.4.69-72). The Fool’s snide remarks do little to maintain Lear’s fragile control of his faculties. However, the Fool speaks to the king candidly, a rare occasion in Lear’s life . Even Kent acknowledges the truth of the Fool’s statements, saying, â€Å"This is not altogether fool, my lord† (1.4.155).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the Fool disrupts Lear’s mental state, Cordelia steadies him with compassion, understanding, and truth. When Cordelia has rescued the King, she says that â€Å"Mine enemy’s dog, / though he had bit me, should have stood that night / Against my fire† (4.7.42-44). Cordelia is amazed at her sisters’ treatment of Lear because she cannot comprehend the actions of such uncaring people. Cordelia’s considerate nature soothes the King’s overwrought mind. Because the King seems rash and even irrational at times, those who understand him are few. His youngest daughter knows what Lear goes through with her sisters, and wishes that she could â€Å"Repair those violent harms that my two sisters / Have in thy reverence made.

Human Interest

The speaker’s split feelings reflected in the broken form of the sonnet in â€Å"Human Interest† In â€Å"Human Interest† the speaker has split feelings about his dead girlfriend, which are reflected in the form of the poem. The reader can see feelings of love, regret and grief and on the contrary feelings of hate and anger. The break between those divided feelings is visible in the broken form of the sonnet. The poem represents a broken form of the original Petrarchan sonnet. Firstly looking at the form of the poem the reader sees that there are 14 lines what indicates that he is looking at a sonnet.The rhyme scheme is identical with the typical rhyme scheme of the sonnet as abbaabba cdcdcd. Moreover there are 4 stanzas as in the sonnet, but the way the stanzas are constructed questions the thought of it being a typical one: In a sonnet there are 4 lines in the first stanza, 4 in the second and in each following stanza 3 lines. In â€Å"Human Interest† th ere is the scheme 4343. In other words there is an untypical break between line 7 and 8, the poem is punctiliously tore apart at that point. In different parts of the poem it is visible that the speaker has divided feelings.His feelings are turning over from hate and anger to love, grief and regret. The former is for instance illustrated in ‘I slogged my guts out for her’ (line 5). That sentence creates the impression of the speaker reproaching his dead girlfriend. It shows his disappointment because it seems like nothing he had done for her would have been worth it, all he got was her unfaithfulness and cheating. The use of the strong word ? slogged? reinforces that effect. To put it another way, it seems like he tries to legitimate his deed.In contrast to that aspect of legitimating his deed, the reader is able to see some expression of regret in line 12ff. where the speaker says ‘When I think about her now, I near choke / with grief. ’. It shows that he suffers, he ‘near choke’ and how sad he is about her not being there anymore. As a result the speaker expresses different feelings that do not fit together, he has thoughts of hate and shortly after he seems to be in love and sad about his deed. In addition it is to say that those split feelings are not only expressed in the words but are also visible in the form of the poem.The change of the speaker’s feelings happens between line 7 and 8. The speaker tilts over from ‘She stank of deceit. ‘ (line 7) to ‘I loved her. ‘ (line 8). The former is absolutely an expression of scorn, reinforced by the word ‘stank‘. There is a crack to the following expression of love. It behaves in exactly the same way with the form of the poem at that point: As already mentioned there is an untypical break between line 7 and 8, where the form of the sonnet is punctiliously tore apart.That split of the speaker’s feelings is exactly at the same point where the poem breaks the form of the sonnet apart. To sum up, the speaker’s feelings are visible aside from different parts of the poem in its form. There are a lot of negative feelings of hate and anger expressed in the first part of this poem, which turn over in line 8 to feelings of love. That break of feelings also demonstrates the broken form of the sonnet. (597 words)

Phases of Project Management Cycle - 4209 Words

INTRODUCTION Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, securing, and managing resources to achieve specific goals. A project is a temporary endeavour with a defined beginning and end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value. Project Management is the skills, tools and management processes required to undertake a project successfully. It incorporates: †¢ A set of skills: Specialist knowledge, skills and experience are required to reduce the level of risk within a project and thereby enhance its likelihood of success. †¢ A suite of tools: Various types of tools are used by†¦show more content†¦A major contributor to this phenomenon is that the cost of changes and error correction generally increases as the project continues. In general, the project life cycle consists of four phases: †¢ Project Initiation †¢ Project Planning †¢ Project Execution †¢ Project Closure In few cases, monitoring and control is taken as a separate phase which comes after the project execution phase. PROJECT INITIATION The first phase of a project is the initiation phase and essentially involves starting up the project. The project is initiated by defining its purpose and scope, the justification for initiating it and the solution to be implemented. This phase also involves recruiting a suitably skilled project team, setting up a project office environment and performing a phase review before proceeding to the next phase of the project management life cycle: project planning. Activities of project initiation The project initiation phase involves the following six key steps: †¢ Develop a business case In most businesses, completing a business case is the first step towards initiating a project. 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Psychiatry as a Career Essay - 1019 Words

The study of the mind, psychiatry, has in the last few years struck an interest within me. I wonder why we react differently when we face the same obstacles. For example, families with several children, raised by the same parents and in the same environment, yet turn out to be completely different individuals, sometimes very disturbed. The how, why and where of it all interests me. My immediate goal is to get my diploma and find out who I really am and what my soul desire truly is. I realize I have a deep desire to be of service to others. This is not a skill however, its just me. I do feel one of my strongest skills is my artistic ability. I have a taste for and enjoy a diverse selection of movies, music, and reading material. I enjoy†¦show more content†¦To be empathetic yet not allowing emotions to overwhelm decision making is necessary. They will be treating people with mild cases of anxiety as well as those who have severe mental disorders this could require years of tr eatment and special training to help them cope. They are also physicians who also are trained to prescribe drugs and use shock therapy plus psychotherapy. To become a psychiatrist, first requires a four year college education with a B.S.degree and to complete the pre-medical curriculum. Many students will major in a science subject such as chemistry, but that is not a requirement. Some pre-psych undergraduates will major in psychology, for example. After completing the pre-medical program and graduating from college, the student will attend a four year medical program and earn an MD degree. The student will have to pass the first two stages of the medical license exam also. This qualifies the graduate for a preliminary medical license in every state. The student will then have to apply for a medical residency in psychiatry. 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Sample Resume Kroger Delta Division Summer Internship...

I. Overview and Experience Prior to my participation in the Kroger Delta Division Summer Internship Program I had very little knowledge of the grocery store or retail business environment and all of the moving parts that are necessary to produce a successful company. In addition, I had very little applicable work experience due to being a student- athlete competing in a year round sport. Participating in this internship allowed me to get an up close look at what the retail business entails and how to execute company, division, and department goals and sales plans to over 100 divisional stores and ensure that all of the store employees understand the scope of the business. By completing this internship, I now have a greater understanding and appreciation for the retail environment and can more effectively apply the knowledge I have gained in my undergraduate studies to a real work environment and my graduate level studies. Over the course of the past ten weeks I have gained a vast amount of knowledge and have had the opportunity to grow my business knowledge with one of the nation’s most well respected companies. Although my time with the Kroger Company has been brief, the experiences I have gained are invaluable to growth of my career path in business. Through the internship program I have been able to gain an understanding of both day to day operations of an individual store and the big picture of division operations in the Delta office. Combining these two experiences

Marketing Management Marketing Theory

Question: Discuss about the Report for Marketing Management of Marketing Theory. Answer: Introduction The market is a wide term that is used to describe the communication between consumer and company in the form of products and services (Dickinson, 2014). It can be in any form whereas the term Digital Marketing is a vast concept that is concisely associated with the concepts of the museum (Morgan, 2012). Every type of industry whether it is small scale or large scale; it has three general motives namely: sales maximisation, profit maximisation and customer satisfaction. The concept of the museum in relation to the base of the market totally relies on better customer service, marvellous decorative and attractive art and design (Polonsky, 2014). The digital market of the museum is duly comprised of the collection of best art and designs of old and modern objects, with a premium collection that tends to attract more visitors. This report has reflected and highlighted several intellectual concepts of a photography industry in the context of Victoria and Albert Museum situated in England. The researcher has discussed the overview of the company, situation analysis, micro and macro analysis, objectives using the SMART acronym, SWOT analysis, various marketing segmentation concepts related to Victoria and Albert Museum. Overview of the Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum is the world largest museum of beautiful, decorative art and design with a premium collection of more than five million objects. The museum was duly found under the name of Queen Victoria and its associates. The Victoria and Albert Museum contains the collections of every sculptures material from all around the world. The Victoria and Albert Museum is also famous for capturing fabulous images with the matching collection of museum sculptures. Situation Analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum External / Macro analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum (PESTLE analysis) The external analysis or macro analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum comprises of: Political: The Victoria and Albert Museum has a great political impact. It is bounded by the government legal as well as various international laws. The museum works according to the MOA and AOA. Hence it duly maintains the perfect decorum as stated by the UK government (Diamantopoulos, Fritz and Hildebrandt 2013). The museum also follows the political stability and restriction to bridge an association between leisure and political management. Economic: The Victoria and Albert Museum has great move towards the country economy. Every year around 500 million visitors is visiting and enjoying the benefits arising from each other (Hollensen 2015). The Victoria and Albert Museum is currently entertaining millions of visitors each year with its decorative sculptures and arts. Social: The Victoria and Albert Museum is aiming to deliver the rewarding and memorable experiences to its millions of visitors through its global iconic brands and passion for its management. The Victoria and Albert Museum is recognised as a mysterious brand with strong reputations and offers a delightful experience with its unique collection to all peoples of UK (Diamantopoulos, Fritz and Hildebrandt 2013). Technological: The Victoria and Albert Museum begins with the initial sitting from a press launch that has taken six months to make (Gilmour et al. 2013). This gives a museum a unique and realistic figure. A continuous improvement in the infrastructure of transport is highly developed all around the world. Apart from this, the museum has done a lot of replacement in improving the old sculptures in the conversion of new. Legal: The legal analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum comprises of sculptures and paintings safety regulations, following of workers law and competing policies regulations (Peterson 2016). Environmental: The environmental analysis of the museum indicates the major political influence in reducing the no entry fees policy. The Victoria and Albert Museum is continuing to maintain the environmental laws and regulations, attitude towards consumer behaviour, insights and choices (Polonsky 2014). The Victoria and Albert Museum has maintained a strike balance between different shareholders perspectives. [REFER TO APPENDIX- 1] Micro analysis of VA Museum (Porter's five forces) Supplier Strength: The bargaining power of suppliers in Victoria and Albert Museum comprises of high competition among different suppliers and low concentration of suppliers (Peters et al. 2013). Competitive Rivalry: The intensity of existing rivalry includes limit government cooperation. The threat of new competitors generally includes high capital investment, string brand name and high of entry barriers (Hutt and Speh 2012). Client Strength: The bargaining power of visitors in Victoria and Albert Museum comprises of low price sensitivity, a large number of visitors, limited information among management and special customization. The threat of Substitution:The threat of substitutes in Victoria and Albert Museum include high switching cost to its substitutes (Peters et al. 2013). The threat of New Entry:It is the sum of hard work of all the staff of Museum of VA that the maintenance of it is going so well. Right now it is one of the biggest museums of design and art. The museum has the upper head in the industry as getting into this industry is a very critical job. It is because of the government policies, taxes, issues, copyrights and many more regulation and legislations (Diamantopoulos, Fritz and Hildebrandt 2013). [REFER TO APPENDIX- 6] Internal / Mackenzie 7s analysis in relation to VA The Victoria and Albert Museum Mackenzie 7s analysis comprises of structure, strategy, skills, staff, style, system and shared value. These seven elements can be used in a variety of situations where a perspective alignment is useful and helpful. It tends to improve the performance of a museum, examine the future effects changes, processes and make perfect alignment during the period of acquisition and determine how best a propose strategy can be adopted an implemented within a museum (Iacobucci 2014). The seven elements in Victoria and Albert Museum can be defined as: Strategy: The museum plans to use the view of the people toward the museum, as an educational and cultural establishment, for strengthening ties with the people through creative stimulation, offering means of social bonding and aesthetic development (Kotler et al. 2015). In addition with that, it intends to make use of applications like USI and business management software, Siruisware sales point software and Thrivas event management software (Peters et al. 2013). Structure: The structure will be in such a manner that every person will file a report to the higher authority. It comprises of superiors and subordinates management if a within a museum. In this way the required information will be available to everyone and everyone will be responsible for maintaining it (Mudie and Pirrie 2012). Shared Values: The core values of the museum are to preserve and share the unique things that are related to either arts or history. The authorities will be concentrating more on making the arts section more likeable by the visitor. Style: The style of the leadership that the museum chose is very much perceptive. The leadership will be taking the few steps very carefully as the creating bonding needs some time (Wilson and Gilligan 2012). After the bondage establishes among the staffs, it will force every employee to work as hard as possible. For that reason, the leader will also maintain an energetic environment (Morgan 2012). System: The maintenance system is the busiest and strong system in the industry. The creative department will also be a powerhouse in this project as many events, theatre performance, dance, electric music and much more will be conducted in the museum which will need the touch of creativity (Lindgreen et al. 2012). The HR is also important as new and fit for purpose employees needs to be recruited for the project. Skills: The strongest skill is the maintenance of the museum. There are some gaps in the customization though it can be overcome with the proper training. The management must put the focus on the quantity of facilities and programs because too many of those are actually harming the museum's reputation (Shani and Chalasani 2013). Staff: The staffs from the maintenance, creative and HR department will be the part of it. [REFER TO APPENDIX- 4] SWOT analysis in relation to Victoria and Albert Museum The SWOT Analysis of Victoria and Albert Museum comprises of: Strength: The Victoria and Albert Museum is one of the largest museums in all over the world. Almost five million sculptures objects and galleries are present there. The location of Victoria and Albert Museum is located in West London with excellent transport facilities (Morgan 2012). It has a strong brand with world recognition. Every year it attracts a large number of visitors from different parts of the world. This is one of the greatest strength of Victoria and Albert Museum. Weakness: The Victoria and Albert Museum is not taking an extreme advantage of new and advanced technology and the company websites. It comprises of inadequate financial resources with overdependence on UK government and funding of various donors (Moller and Parvinen 2015). The Victoria and Albert Museum has not displayed all sculptures collections. It comprises of insufficient brand and lack of promotional strategies. Threat: The Victoria and Albert Museum has higher expenses in purchasing various sculptures material for running the museum. It has resulted in declination in art donation and cost of acquisition. The visitors involving attributes and behaviours are very standard and presentable in the criterion of information (Morgan 2012). Opportunities: The Victoria and Albert Museum has the opportunities to expand the large range of activities to benefit both public and Victoria and Albert Museum. It has large potential source market with spend money as the economy recovers. The Victoria and Albert Museum has the opportunities in the advancement of technology to transform conservations, communication and administration to create and enhance engagement and accessibility. [REFER TO APPENDIX- 3] Setting objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum using the SMART acronym The objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum using SMART acronym generally includes Specific, Measurement, Achievable, Relevant and Time Oriented. Specific: The Victoria and Albert Museum is specific towards its goal and achievement; so the museum has been awarded many times. The Victoria and Albert Museum is providing diverse audiences with an excellent quality experience and access of optimum to its collections both digitally and physically (Moller and Parvinen 2015). Measurement: The inspirational and motivational movements will be conducted by the staffs of the museum, VA to reach the goals as soon as possible. The Victoria and Albert Museum has established concrete criteria, such as creating an energetic environment and reporting of every activity, that are used to figure it out (Mudie and Pirrie 2012). The Victoria and Albert Museum is developing and promoting the UK economy by leading the field in debate and inspiring designers to improve its performance. Achievable: The museum has also operated organisational and financial efficiency initiative. This is the greatest achievement of the Victoria and Albert Museum management. The museum makes certain achievements and makes amendments that it is achievable by setting the future standards. Relevant: The Victoria and Albert Museum is realistic and a goal oriented museum that is willing to work 365 a day; and provide the best possible services for its worldwide visitors (Moller and Parvinen 2015). The Victoria and Albert Museum maintain a timeframe by making certain consideration on certain funding agreements. Time-Oriented: The Victoria and Albert Museum maintain and manipulate the capability of time bound in the case where it requires the emergence of flexibility visitor service. It does it through creating a hierarchy of tickets so more charges will be charged as per the service needed. The Victoria and Albert Museum integrated a short term time capacity in order to achieve its aim and objectives based on workers project performance such as how much the maintenance department is contributing to making the place more workable and how the creative department is performing to make the events unique (Kotler et al. 2015). [REFER TO APPENDIX- 2] Tactics to be used to achieve the objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum Market Penetration: For making the museum more popular among the common visitor the museum is concentrating on adding new aspects such as events and modifying the current presentation of the belongings of the museum (Mudie and Pirrie 2012). The strategy of VA will be attracting the persons who are not often visitors as there is no such competitor of it in that region. Product Development: As discussed above the museum is going to conduct events to attract the visitors. Market Development: For making the clients more know about the changes in the museum, it will conduct several activities in public and promote advertisement of the museum (Saren et al. 2012). Some tours to the museum will be conducted, and various gifts will be distributed among the participants. Diversification: It is not required right now as VA is not diversifying their business. [Refer to Appendix 8] Segmentation (Positioning, Targeting, Branding, and Market Structure in relations to the Objectives set for Victoria Albert Museum) Objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum in relation with market segmentation as mentioned above, the objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum is to provide and develop the diversified visitors with the optimum access and best quality experience of museums collections physically and to respect and acknowledged internationally as the world leading design and art museum (Chan, He and Wang 2012). Market Segmentation: The Museum, VA, is looking forward to improving the quantity of visitors and to make the values which will be indicating to VA. In addition with that, VA wants to improve the awareness of events and services within public and to enhance revenue via impermanent exhibitions (Armstrong and Julier 2016). Market Positioning: The market positioning of VA is very strong as there is no equal competitor and the possibility of having new rival is also a hard (Chan, He and Wang 2012). Targeting: The target of all these activities will be current as well as potential clients. Mostly the people who are related to education along with those who have the love for history, painting and sculptures will be the first and prime target of VA (Armstrong and Julier 2016). Branding: Presently VA, for creating the clear brand identity, modified its visual and verbal identity that will promote the work and believes of the museum. From the exhibition to communicating with the employees will be a manifestation of the brand (Baumgarth, Merrilees and Urde 2013). Market Structure: The market structure of VA will be comprised of the objectives along with strategizing to achieve them. The objectives have been discussed earlier. The strategies are such as conducting the campaign and recognising its goals, finding the best way to make use of marketing mix and making sure of the most return on minimally used resource (Armstrong and Julier 2016). [REFER TO APPENDIX- 7] Strategy showing how to achieve the objectives by using the Marketing Mix in relation to Victoria and Albert Museum Overall known as those 'Four Ps', this term depicts the four magic parts that those Vutilization with executing its publicising technique: Product, Place, value Also advancement (Baker and Saren 2016). The showcasing division prompts or settles ahead regulate decisions over each variable. Product: those VA need an extensive variety of things once the table which the Press Also advertising divisions fill in for other VA divisions on the make. These things fuse the culprit gathering, impermanent presentations, interesting occasions, to example, dark history month. Furthermore gang exercises, also informatively advantages for schools, colleges Also universities (Dickinson 2014). Regardless this, there would be things that assistance those VA generate a greater amount pay, for example, those support plans, favouring shops, bistros Furthermore corporate agreement work places. Place: those VA will be orchestrated in Soutine Kensington, at that west of central London. There would be two way variables that the storehouse elevates concerning its area:. Staggering transport joins Eventually Tom's perusing transport Also tube on London Also Heathrow hangar (Baker and Saren 2016). Surprising Victorian outline close to different world-class, authentic centres. Price: the right of the VA may be spare. Over At whatever case, there is an accuse for shows which necessities to remain focused, talk with great regard What's more tolerance right with people on low livelihoods. Results what's more administrations, for example, those shops (Dickinson 2014). Also, bistro, grasp their specific assessing method taking under record the over standards; also require should convey a net profit that is re-put assets under the VA's compensation stream. Promotion: this and only the pushing mix identifies with those possible apparatuses used to talk for Furthermore attract those proposed enthusiasm aggregations. Those showcasing Branch settles ahead decisions regarding which channels might be the majority fitting furthermore capable of drawing in the planned vested party inside the budgetary arrangement approachable (Baker and Saren 2016). These might include:. Pushing - paying for adverts in every day papers, magazines what's more radio, and for production locales, to the example, London Underground what's more transports. There will be A compelled using arrangement to pushing effort, which limits those ability with publicizing for television and silver screen (Dickinson 2014). Print - making flags, blurbs, pamphlets What's more separate things, and masterminding spread. Pamphlets would send on spots, for example, libraries, visitor information workplaces, bistros What's more separate spots at risk to be Run by the battle's exceptional vested party (Hutt and Speh 2012). Standard postal mail - sending handouts or other print for a to should name people, using as a and only house data bases or outside plans from claiming names which need aid whichever investigated alternately bought (Foxall 2014). Bargains headway Furthermore brand acquaintanceships - advancements fuse advertising prizes alternately rebates ahead tickets on a joint exert with separate gatherings, from everyday papers. What's more magazines on rail frameworks and cafe? Associations Might incorporate window indicates in shops, alternately stamped giveaways (Hutt and Speh 2012). New networking - newsletters and site highlights. Conclusion From the above study, it can be concluded that the various analysis such as Ansoff, Mackenzie 7s, SWOT, Potter's five forces and much more the museum has gained a great upper head to recognise the various aspects of its business. It has been able to create the ideas of introducing the events in the business of VA so that the person who is not interested in the museum will also come with their friends or family to participate in the events. The researcher has also explained various tactics that to be used to achieve the objectives of Victoria and Albert Museum, its overall segmentation (Positioning, Targeting, Branding, and Market Structure). The researcher has presented several intellectual concepts of a photography industry in the context of Victoria and Albert Museum situated in England. It has resulted in declination in art donation and cost of acquisition. The researcher has prefaced that the Victoria and Albert Museum direction is determined by the Trustees and Management of Boa rd priorities by DCMS. The concept of the museum in relation to the base of the market totally relies on better customer service, marvellous decorative and attractive art and design. The promotion of the museum and making a brand value is the most significant factor for the museum as it will be the key fact that will enhance the museum's reputation. References Armstrong, L. and Julier, G., 2016. INTERACTIONS IN THE MUSEUM: DESIGN CULTURE SALONS AT THE VICTORIA AND ALBERT MUSEUM. Design Objects and the Museum, p.159. Baker, M.J. and Saren, M. eds., 2016. Marketing theory: a student text. Sage. Baumgarth, C., Merrilees, B. and Urde, M., 2013. Brand orientation: Past, present, and future. Journal of Marketing Management, 29(9-10), pp.973-980. Chan, H.K., He, H. and Wang, W.Y., 2012. Green marketing and its impact on supply chain management in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(4), pp.557-562. Diamantopoulos, A., Fritz, W. and Hildebrandt, L. eds., 2013. Quantitative Marketing and Marketing Management: Marketing Models and Methods in Theory and Practice. Springer Science Business Media. Dickinson, J.R., 2014. The marketing management experience. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 27. Foxall, G., 2014. Strategic Marketing Management (RLE Marketing) (Vol. 3). Routledge. Gilmour, P., Borg, G., Duffy, P.A., Johnston, N.D., Limbek, B.E. and Shaw, M.R., 2013. Customer service: differentiating by market segment. International Journal of Physical Distribution Materials Management. Hollensen, S., 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hutchinson, K., Donnell, L.V., Gilmore, A. and Reid, A., 2015. Loyalty card adoption in SME retailers: the impact upon marketing management. European Journal of Marketing, 49(3/4), pp.467-490. Hutt, M.D. and Speh, T.W., 2012. Business marketing management: B2B. Cengage Learning. Iacobucci, D., 2014. Marketing management. Cengage Learning. Kotler, P., Keller, K.L., Manceau, D. and Hmonnet-Goujot, A., 2015. Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lindgreen, A., Hingley, M.K., Grant, D.B. and Morgan, R.E., 2012. Value in business and industrial marketing: Past, present, and future. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(1), pp.207-214. Miquel-Romero, M.J., Caplliure-Giner, E.M. and Adame-Snchez, C., 2014. Relationship marketing management: Its importance in private label extension. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), pp.667-672. Moller, K. and Parvinen, P., 2015. An impact-oriented implementation approach in business marketing research: Introduction to the Special Issue on Implementing Strategies and Theories of B2B Marketing and Sales Management. Industrial Marketing Management, 45, pp.3-11. Morgan, N.A., 2012. Marketing and business performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), pp.102-119. Mudie, P. and Pirrie, A., 2012. Services marketing management. Routledge. Peters, L.D., Pressey, A.D., Vanharanta, M. and Johnston, W.J., 2013. Theoretical developments in industrial marketing management: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(3), pp.275-282. Peterson, L.O., 2016. The Fabric of India: Victoria and Albert Museum, London October 3, 2015January 10, 2016. West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture, 23(1), pp.148-152. Polonsky, M.J., 2014. Green marketing. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Saren, M., Maclaran, P., Goulding, C., Elliott, R. and Caterall, M., 2012. Critical marketing. Routledge. Shani, D. and Chalasani, S., 2013. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing. Journal of Services Marketing. Wilson, R.M. and Gilligan, C., 2012. Strategic marketing management. Routledge.